December 2025

Response spectra are a key tool in the seismic design of structures. Storey response spectra describe the maximum dynamic response of individual storeys (floors) of a structure in relation to a given earthquake. While linear models are often used in practice, significant nonlinear effects occur during strong seismic events, for example due to nonlinearities in the material, contact effects, or lifting and sliding of the foundation. 

Taking nonlinear effects into account is crucial both for realistic assessment of building safety and for optimizing reinforcement measures. Research and practical experience show that ignoring these effects can lead to misjudgments of damage distribution and safety reserves.

Taking nonlinear effects into account is crucial both for realistic assessment of building safety and for optimizing reinforcement measures. Research and practical experience show that ignoring these effects can lead to misjudgments of damage distribution and safety reserves.

In the field of structural statics and dynamics (SDT), these aspects are being intensively investigated using numerical simulations with nonlinear time history analysis and FEM-based models. Current projects deal with the calibration of material models for buildings and soil, the validation of various strategies for modeling infinite soil spaces, and the interaction of buildings with the ground.